By. Hotben D. Lingga
Semua presentasi mempunyai tujuan umum yaitu antara lain untuk memberi informasi, melatih, membujuk dan menjual.
I. Tips dan Panduan Untuk Melakukan Presentasi
a. Persiapan yang matang.
b. Tetapkan, perhatikan dan fokus pada tujuan (sasaran), audiens, tempat, waktu dan panjangnya, metode, isi dan struktur/susunan presentasi.
c. Gunakan kalimat yang singkat dan sederhana.
d. Gunakan bahasa Inggris standar. Hindari bahasa pasaran dan bisa menghina orang.
e. Cobalah kalau bisa membuat kontak mata dengan semua orang. Ingatlah bahasa tubuh Anda, cara berdiri, gerak badan, tatapan mata dan senyum.
f. Kalau bisa gunakan kata kerja daripada kata benda (Bukan: The meaning of this is that …, Tetapi: This means that …).
g. Berbicaralah dengan jelas dan perlahan. Perhatikan nada intonasi, sela antara kalimat.
h. Berbicaralah dengan bebas (Jangan membaca seluruh teks dari materi presentasi Anda)
i. Gunakan ilustrasi, grafik dan gambar untuk menunjang presentasi Anda.
j. Bikin garis besar presentasi dan sampaikan kepada audiens.
k. Sebutkan kalau kita akan beralih ke sub-topik yang lain agar para audiens bisa memahami alur penjelasan kita.
l. Gunakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan retoris (yang tidak perlu dijawab) agar para audiens tetap menaruh perhatian.
m. Kalau bisa beri candaan yang relevan dan segar atau kutipan agar para audiensi tetap mendengarkan.
n. Latihan
II. MATERI
Kita bagi Presentasi ke dalam tiga bagian: Permulaan, Pertengahan dan Akhir.
A. Memulai Presentasi Bisnis Dengan Benar
Di bagian permulaan ini kita bagi lagi menjadi tiga bagian yang lebih kecil: Pengantar, garis besar dan memulai presentasi:
Memulai:
Pengantar Singkat:
Sambut Audiensi
Perkenalkan Subyek/Topik Presentasi
Jelaskan susunan presentasi
Jelaskan aturan untuk bertanya
Pertengahan:
Susunan Presentasi
Sajikan materi presentasi
Akhir:
Kesimpulan Singkat
Ringkaskan presentasi
Ucapkan terima-kasih & Undang Pertanyaan (Tanya Jawab)
1. Pengantar:
Pertama, Sampaikanlah ucapan salam kepada pendengar/audiens Anda. Berikut Contoh-contoh ungkapan untuk menyatakan salam atau halo:
• Good morning/good afternoon.
• Thank you for coming today.
• I’m pleased to see you all today.
• Good morning and welcome to [name of company, name of conference hall, hotel, etc.].
• Thank you all very much for coming today.
• I hope you all had a pleasant journey here today.
• I want to give you a short presentation about …
My presentation is about …
I’d like to tell you something about …
I think everybody has heard about …, but hardly anyone knows a lot about it.
That’s why I’d like to tell you something about it.
Did you know that …?
Kedua, perkenalkan diri Anda. Pendengar ingin mengenal siapa diri Anda. Memberitahu para audiens bisa menciptakan kepercayaan awal pada presentasi Anda. Kalau audiens mempercayai Anda, mereka akan mendengar dengan baik dan percaya pada apa yang akan Anda paparkan.
On behalf of Company I would like to welcome you here today. My name is Max Mustermann and I am the CFO of Global Travel.
Hi, I’m Max and I am the head of markteing of Global Travel.
Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentlemen. My name is Max Mustermann and I am delighted to be here today to talk to you about…
I’d like to introduce my colleague Max Mustermann.
Hi everyone, I’m Max from Accounts and today I’d like to talk to you about…
• My name is Mark Watson and I am responsible for … .
• My name is Mark Watson from [name of company], where I am responsible for … .
• Let me introduce myself; my name is Mark Watson and I am responsible for … .
Ketiga, beritahu Audiens Anda mengapa Anda ada di sana dan apa yang akan Anda paparkan/uraikan. Ini beberapa cara untuk langkah ini:
• I will be talking about…
• I will present our findings on…
• The purpose of my presentation is…
• The purpose of today’s presentation is to … .
• The purpose of my presentation today is to … .
• In today’s presentation I’d like to … show you … . / explain to you how … .
• In today’s presentation I’m hoping to … give you an update on… / give you an overview of … .
• In today’s presentation I’m planning to … look at … . / explain … .
• In today’s presentation I’m hoping to cover three points:
• firstly, … , after that we will look at … , and finally I’ll … .
• In today’s presentation I’d like to cover three points:
• firstly, … , secondly … , and finally … .
Ini Contoh Pengantar singkat dalam kurang 1 menit kita sudah menyambut audiens Anda, memperkenalkan diri dan memperkenalkan topik yang ingin dipaparkan.:
Good morning, thank you all for coming today.
My name is Joyce Fang and I am a Financial Manager at XXX Agency. Today, I will present our analysis on the top three stocks to watch in 2016.
Garisbawahi dan sebutkan Pokok-pokok Presentasi Anda; Mengintrodusir topik presentasi:
Berikut ungkapan-ungkapan yang bisa kita pergunakan:
• Today, we will be covering…
• Today, we will go over…
• In this presentation, we will discuss/analyze/evaluate…
Today I am here to talk to you about…
As you all know, today I am going to talk to you about…
I would like to take this opportunity to talk to you about…
I am delighted to be here today to tell you about…
Today I would like to outline…
Kita tegaskan bahwa di akhir presentasi akan ada Tanya jawab. Kita katakan:
• If you have any questions you’d like to ask, please leave them until the end, when I’ll be happy to answer them.
• If there are any questions you’d like to ask, please leave them until the end, when I’ll do my best to answer them.
MENYUSUN DAN MEMBEDAH PRESENTASI
My talk is divided into x parts.
I’ll start with / Firstly I will talk about… / I’ll begin with
then I will look at …
next…
and finally…
I will be glad to answer any questions that you may have at the end.
I’d briefly like to take you through today’s presentation.
First, we’re going to …
After that, we’ll be taking a look at …
Once we’ve identified our challenges we will be able to …
Finally, I’ll outline what …
“My presentation is in three parts.”
“My presentation is divided into three main sections.”
“Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally…”
“I’m going to…:
take a look at…
talk about…
examine…
tell you something about the background…
give you some facts and figures…
fill you in on the history of…
concentrate on…
limit myself to the question of…
“Please feel free to interrupt me if you have questions.”
“There will be time for questions at the end of the presentation.”
“I’d be grateful if you could ask your questions after the presentation.”
Di bagian ini kita bisa menggunakan slide Power Point untuk menjelaskannya secara singkat. Kita bisa menggunakan kata First, Next, then, dan lain-lain dalam bagian ini.
Ini contoh kita kita membuat perincian dan garis besar:
Today we will be covering the top three stocks to watch in 2015. First, we will cover company revenues, over the last five years. This includes where the revenues come from, their growth and their projected growth. Next, we will review new products, services and technologies these companies are planning to introduce this year. Then, we will potential risks affecting the companies and their stock prices. Last, we will look at the management currently running these companies.
Sekarang, Anda sudah menyelesaikan bagian pendahuluan/pengantar, mari kita masuk ke dalam bagian pokok/utama presentasi:
Kalau kita ingin sampaikan kepada audiens mereka boleh interupsi atau bertanya kita katakan:
Please feel free to interrupt me with any questions you may have during the presentation.
I’d like to ask you to keep any questions you may have for the end of the presentation.
MEMULAI PRESENTASI
I’ll start with some general information on…
I’d just like to give you some background information about…
Before I start, does anyone know…?
As you are all aware / As you all know…
• To begin with … .
• To start with … .
• Let’s start/begin by looking at … .
• I’d like to start by looking at … .
• Let’s start with / start by looking at … .
• First of all, I’d like to thank you all for coming here today.
My name is X and I am the (your position) at (your company).
• I’d like to begin by outlining our present situation.
As you know …
You may not know that …
Untuk beralih dari bagian pengantar presentasi ke bagian awal presentasi pokok kita, kita bisa menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan ini:
• To begin,
• First, let’s talk about…
• I’ll start by giving some background information…
Untuk menutup dan mengakhiri suatu bagian presentasi, kita katakan:
• So, that concludes [title of the section] … .
• So, that’s an overview of … .
• I think that just about covers … .
Contoh Memulai Presentasi:
A. “Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for finding the time to come and join me for this presentation this afternoon. My name is Tim Mason, I‘m a retail consultant, and many of you will have seen me shadowing you in your jobs and looking through the accounts and so on in the company over the last week. I’ve invited you here today to have a look at my findings. First, I’d like to have a look at the performance of the company, the sales of the company over the last three years; then I’d like to have a look at our market share in the womenswear market and look at our competitors; and thirdly, I’d like to suggest some improvements in our range of womenswear. At the end I’d be happy to answer any of your questions.”
B. “Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today. I hope my presentation isn’t going to take too long and that you will find it interesting. The purpose of today’s presentation is to discuss how we can improve internal communications within our company.
Now let me begin by explaining that I’d like to talk about the business case for better communication; secondly, I want to cover different styles and methods; and finally I would like to finish off by talking about some of the basics we need to have in place to deliver good quality, consistent communications across the company. I’d be very happy to invite you to ask questions at the end of the session and I’m sure there’ll be plenty of time for us to discuss some of the points that have been raised.”
C. “Welcome / “Hello everyone.”
“As you all know, this company is losing its market share. But we are being asked to increase sales by 20 – 25%. How can we possibly increase sales in a shrinking market?”
“Today I am going to talk to you about how we can do this. My presentation will be in three parts. Firstly I am going to look at the market and the background. Then I am going to talk to you about our new products and how they fit in. Finally, I’m going to examine some selling strategies that will help us increase our sales by 20%. The presentation will probably take around 20 minutes. There will be time for questions at the end of my talk.”
2. Bagian Pertengahan: Jantung Presentasi Bisnis
Sajikan isi presentasi Anda, kemukakan semua apa yang ingin disampaikan.
BERALIH TOPIK KE TOPIK LAIN
Bila kita ingin beralih ke topik pembahasan/bagian yang lain, kita bisa menggunakan frase peralihan berikut ini:
• This leads me to my next point…
• Let’s consider…
• Now, let’s take a look at…
Right, let’s move on to…
This leads me to my next point, which is…
I’d now like to look at / consider…
Now I will pass you over to /hand over to Max Mustermann.
Does anyone have any questions before I move on?
• Now let’s move on to … .
• Now let’s take a look at … .
• Now I’d like to move on to … .
• Next I’d like to take a look at … .
• Moving on to the next part, I’d like to … .
• Moving on to the next section, let’s take a look at … .
• Let’s take a look at some of the implications of this.
Taking into consideration what we have said about X, we can see that Y …
The main reason for these actions is …
We have to keep in mind that … when we consider …
As a result of X, Y will …
• Let me begin by explaining why / how …
• First / Now I want to talk about …
• First / Now I want to give you an insight into …
• Let’s (now) find out why / how …
• Let’s now move to …
• As I already indicated …
• Another aspect / point is that …
• The roots of … go back to …
• … began when …
• Legend has it that …
• As you probably know, …
• You probably know that …
• Maybe you’ve already heard about …
• You might have seen that already.
• At the beginning there was / were …
• Many people knew / know …
• Hardly anyone knew / knows …
• … hit the idea to …
• … was the first to …
• It is claimed that …
• One can say that …
• I have read that …
• “I’d now like to move on to…”
“I’d like to turn to…”
“That’s all I have to say about…”
“Now I’d like to look at…”
“This leads me to my next point…”
Kalau kita ingin membicarakan sesuatu yang sudah disampaikan sebelumnya, kita bisa menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan seperti ini:
• As mentioned
• As we saw earlier
• As we touched on earlier
• As I mentioned earlier … .
• As we saw earlier … .
• You may recall that we said … .
• You may recall that I explained … .
• “As I said at the beginning…”
“This, of course, will help you (to achieve the 20% increase).”
“As you remember, we are concerned with…”
“This ties in with my original statement…”
“This relates directly to the question I put to you before…”
Mengintrodusir Angka dan Grafik
Salah satu cara paling penting dan mudah untuk menambah nilai pada presentasi kita adalah dengan menggunakan angka-angka dan grafik. Orang mengingat angka-angka. Dalam presentasi, kita sebaiknya menyebut angka-angka untuk lebih meyakinkan dan lebih diingat. Contoh:
• Many companies advertise with Google. (Kurang kuat/kurang menarik)
• 84% of Fortune 500 companies advertise with Google. (Kuat/Menarik)
Kita bisa menggunakan bantuan visual (gambar dan grafik) untuk menopang presentasi kita. Kalau kita menggunakan bantuan visual, kita katakan:
As you can see from this graph representing …
If you could just take a look at …
Looking at X we can see that …
Let me use a graphic to explain this.
The graphic shows that …
As you can see (in the picture) …
In the next / following picture, you can see …
Here is another picture.
The next picture shows how …
Let the pictures speak for themselves.
I think the picture perfectly shows how / that …
Now, here you can see …
“This graph shows you…”
“Take a look at this…”
“If you look at this, you will see…”
“I’d like you to look at this…”
“This chart illustrates the figures…”
“This graph gives you a break down of…”
“As you can see…”
“This clearly shows …”
“From this, we can understand how / why…”
“This area of the chart is interesting…”
Menarik kesimpulan atas suatu sub-topik, kita bisa katakan:
It was a great success for …
It is a very important day in the history of …
It was / is a very important / special event.
This proves that …
The reason is that …
The result of this is that …
It’s because …
In other words, …
I want to repeat that …
I’d (just) like to add …
Setelah kita menyebut angka-angka, kita bisa menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut agar lebih efektif:
• To put these numbers into context…
• That equals…
• That is the equivalent of…
• That is equivalent to…
Contoh:
“84% of Fortune 500 companies advertise with Google. That is the equivalent of the national revenues of China and India, combined.”
Kalau Anda mempunyai grafik atau bagan untuk diperlihatkan, gunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut:
• To demonstrate this…
• This shows/ proves…
• To illustrate this…
• This graph highlights…
Contoh:
This graph demonstrates the relationship between new technologies and increased stock values. Further, this next graph shows that when companies spend three months marketing their new technology, their stock value increases at a higher rate than with no marketing at all.
Memberi Contoh:
Selain memberikan angka-angka agar diingat orang, kita juga bisa memberikan contoh yang baik. Ini ungkapan-ungkapan untuk menyatakan contoh:
• For instance…
• Consider…
• A good example of this is…
Dalam presentasi, contoh yang kita berikan hendaknya tidak kit abaca tetapi kita ceritakan secara singkat, bila perlu gunakanlah power point atau gambar.
Menyebutkan Masalah-masalah:
Obviously, this has led to some problems with …
Unfortunately, this means that …
As a direct result of X, we are having problems with Y…
This also causes …
Membuat daftar Pilihan-pilihan:
There are a number of alternatives in this case. We can …
If we had … , we would …
Had we … , we could have … Do we need to X or Y?
I think we can clearly see that we can either … or …
We have been considering …
What if we …
Mengusulkan Solusi
The solution to X is …
I suggest we …
Based on … the answer is to …
If we keep in mind that … , Y is the best solution to our problem.
So, how does this all relate to X?
How long will this take to implement?
How much is this all going to cost?
3.Ringkasan dan Kesimpulan Presentasi Bisnis
Sebelum mengakhiri presentasi, ringkaslah topik-topik,temuan dan kesimpulan Anda. Di bagian akhir kesimpulan, kita harus menyampaikan kembali bagian-bagian paling penting presentasi kita.Untuk menyimpulkan presentasi Anda, kita bisa menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut ini:
• In summary/In conclusion,
• To recap,
• We have learned that…
• We’ve discussed many points today. Let me quickly summarize the principal points:
I’d like to quickly go over the main points of today’s topic:
Before we end, let me briefly recap what we have discussed here today.
• … should not be forgotten.
• … has really impressed me.
• I hope that one day …
• We should not forget …
• All in all I believe that…
• Summing up / Finally it can be said that …
• Let me close by quoting … who said, »…«
• That was my presentation on …
• I am now prepared to answer your questions.
• Do you have any questions?
• “That brings me to the end of my presentation. I’ve talked about…”
“Well, that’s about it for now. We’ve covered…”
“So, that was our marketing strategy. In brief, we…”
“To summarise, I…”
To sum up…
So to summarise the main points of my talk…
Just a quick recap of my main points…
I’d like to conclude by…
That brings me to the end of my presentation, thank for listening / for your attention.
Thank you all for listening, it was a pleasure being here today.
Well that’s it from me. Thanks very much.
• Well, that brings us to the end of the final section. Now, I’d like to summarise by … .
• That brings us to the end of the final section. Now, if I can just summarise the main points again.
• That concludes my presentation. Now, if I can just summarise the main points.
• That’s an overview of … . Now, just to summarise, let’s quickly look at the main points again.
Bagian paling akhir dari presentasi kita, kita bisa menyatakan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut ini:
• Based on this…
• Due to our research…
• Considering the available information…
Ini contoh ringkasan dan kesimpulan:
That covers our top three stocks for 2015. We’ve learned their revenue history as well as their projected revenue growth, due to the introduction of new products, services and technologies. We know there are certain risks with these companies, including new management and changing foreign currency rates, among others. Due to our research, we believe that these three stocks will beat the industry average, growing at 16 to 20%.
Selesaikan Presentasi dan Ucapakan terima-kasih:
• Thank you for your attention.
• That brings the presentation to an end.
• That brings us to the end of my presentation.
• Finally, I’d like to finish by thanking you (all) for your attention.
• Finally, I’d like to end by thanking you (all) for coming today.
• I’d like to thank you (all) for your attention and interest.
• Thank you all very much for taking the time to listen to this presentation. Now, if you have any questions, I’d be happy to answer them.
• I think that’s about it. I’d like to thank you all for coming in today. Do you have any questions?
Mengundang Pertanyaan
Pada bagian paling akhir presentasi kita, selalu ucapkan terima-kasih kepada audien kita karena sudah mendengarkan presentasi kita. Kemudian ajukanlah pertanyaan:
• Thank you all for listening.
• Thank you for your attention.
• Does anyone have any questions or comments?
• If anyone has any questions, feel free to ask them now.
• We have some time for questions now.
Does have anyone have any questions?
I will be happy to answer your questions now
If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to ask
If you have any further questions, I will be happy to talk to you at the end.
• If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them.
• If anyone has any questions, I’ll do my best to answer them.
• If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask them now.
• If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask them and I’ll do my best to answer.
• “Thank you for listening – and now if there are any questions, I would be pleased to answer them.”
“That brings me to the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention. I’d be glad to answer any questions you might have.”
• “Thank you. So you would like further clarification on our strategy?”
“That’s an interesting question. How are we going to get voluntary redundancy?”
“Thank you for asking. What is our plan for next year?”
• “Does this answer your question?”
“Do you follow what I am saying?”
“I hope this explains the situation for you.”
“I hope this was what you wanted to hear!”
Kalau ada pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sulit atau kita tidak bisa menjawabnya sekarang kita katakan:
• I’ll come back to that question later if I may.
• I’ll / We’ll come back to that question later in my presentation.
• I’ll / We’ll look at that point in more detail later on.
• Perhaps we can look at that point at the end / a little later.
• “That’s an interesting question. I don’t actually know off the top of my head, but I’ll try to get back to you later with an answer.”
“I’m afraid I’m unable to answer that at the moment. Perhaps I can get back to you later.”
“Good question. I really don’t know! What do you think?”
“That’s a very good question. However, we don’t have any figures on that, so I can’t give you an accurate answer.”
“Unfortunately, I’m not the best person to answer that.”
